DEAR Blog
Disaster Experiential Activity and Reflection
Project by Noah Hass-Cohen, Psy.D., Alliant International University School of Professional Psychology
Contributors: Jeremy Arzt, M.A.; Joanna Clyde Findley, M.A.; Anya Kavanaugh, B.F.A;
Alliant International University, Couples and Family Therapy, Crisis and Trauma course students
April 25, 2015
2019: OPERATION RECLAIM & REBUILD
Background
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3-day statewide sex trafficking enforcement sweep in California during January
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Part of Human Trafficking Awareness Month, recognized by the federal government
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Over 90 state and federal agencies participated in the sting, which involved online and street-level undercover work
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339 arrests and around 50 victims of sex trafficking rescued, including 14 minors; the youngest was 6 years old
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In California, commercial sex often occurs in seemingly legitimate businesses; over 3,300 massage parlors in California are fronts for sex trafficking; other key avenues for commercial sex include hotels/motels, brothels, online ads and escort services
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Sex trafficking is a form of slavery: adults are victims if
persuaded to engage in commercial sex by force, fraud, or
coercion; minors are victims regardless of the presence of force, fraud, or coercion -
Force is used to control victims, especially during early victimization to break down resistance: physical restraint, physical harm, sexual assault, beatings, monitoring, confinement.
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Fraud is used to lure victims: false promises about employment, money, working conditions, love, marriage, and a better life. Over time, conditions, compensation and relationships change.
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Coercion tactics include threats of serious harm or physical restraint, psychological manipulation, document confiscation or blackmail
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An estimated 24.9 million people globally are victims of sex or labor trafficking
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Sex trafficking is the most rapidly growing form of crime worldwide and 98% of victims are women and children
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In the U.S., about 100,000 children are victims of sex trafficking yearly
Psychological Impact
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About 80% of victims have PTSD
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Other long-term psychological effects include:
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C-PTSD, panic disorder, eating disorders, dissociation, anxiety, somatic complaints, depression, negative self-concept, shame, blame, social withdrawal, grief, emotional volatility, aggression, hopelessness, revictimization. High incidences of comorbidity.
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Unhealthy coping strategies such as substance abuse, self-injury, running away, and risky sexual behaviors. These strategies, as well as trouble establishing trust with caregivers often derails treatment.
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Particularly with youths, traumatic bonding with the trafficker or denial that the exploitation was traumatic often leads survivors back into commercial exploitation. Psychological manipulation can be very hard to break.